考研英语基础语法：强调句型的用法

同学们，我们今天要介绍一种语法结构，它和我们熟悉的It is 形式主语结构十分相似，那就是强调句型，在英语表达中，我们常用It is/was… who/that结构来突出强调句子的某一成分，一般是句子中主语，宾语或状语。在这个句型中，it没有特定的意思，只是引出句子本身想要强调的成分。这和it is 形式主语有些相似。It相当于一个傀儡的角色。在强调句型中，如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其它成分，则一律用that来连接。

e.g. It is you who/that I love .

e.g. It was yesterday that Jane finished her homework.

在使用本句型时，有一些易错点，需要得到大家的注意。

首先，被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。

e.g. It was Li Ming who met Zhang Wei at the railway station .

e.g. It is I who am going to Beijing to attend a meeting tomorrow morning by air.

e.g. It is the girls who are beautiful and charming.

其次，即使被强调成分是句子中的时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等，也不能用when，where, because,要用 that。

e.g. It was not until 1972 that we began studying English .

e.g. It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film.

e.g. It was because of Tom’s carelessness that everything went wrong.

第三，如果需要强调的成分是同位语，同位语需要随之提前。

e.g. It was due to Allen，her English teacher，that Jack made effort to watch carefully in class.

另外，需要得到强调的部分是作主语的代词的时候，用主格的形式，如果是作宾语的代词，用宾格形式。

It was I that lent Jack a hand the day before yesterday.

It was me that Jack lent a hand to the day before yesterday.

此外，当遇到被强调部分既包括人又包括物的情况，用that不用who

lt was the places and individuals that Allen remembered that they were discussing about.

最后要注意it is形式主语和强调句型之间的区分，这两种句型形式相似，容易混淆。有一种简单粗暴的方式可以帮助我们辨别它们。就是如果在去掉it is/ was ... that的表达后，句子仍然通顺成立，则为强调句型，反之如果句子不成立不通顺，则为it is形式主语，比如，It is Li Lei’s sister that you met in the street yesterday. 在这个句子中，我们把it is/ was ... that的表达去掉后，句子为You met Li Lei’s sister in the street yesterday. 句意完整，是强调句。It is fantastic and amazing that you have passed the postgraduate entrance examination 在这个句子中，我们把it is/ was ... that的表达去掉后，句子为You have passed fantastic and amazing the postgraduate entrance examination . 句意不通顺不完整，是it is形式主语句型。